Freshwater ecology is the study of how organisms in rivers and lakes interact with each other and their environment. Freshwater ecosystems vary in time and space along natural (e.g. latitude, elevation) and human-impact gradients (e.g. land use, invasive species). Reflecting these properties, freshwater ecology includes the ecological communities of rivers and lakes, linkages with adjacent terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and the management of freshwaters including conservation and restoration.

The Freshwater Ecology paper (BIOEB304-23A) offers an introduction to the ecology of lake and river ecosystems. This paper explores the biodiversity of freshwater environments and how these habitats influence ecosystem functioning and community composition.

• Fundamental topics covered include biogeochemistry and nutrient dynamics, an introduction to freshwater organisms and their traits, and how species interactions shape food webs in freshwater ecosystems and connected habitats.
• Applied topics will focus on how research can be used to understand and develop management options for freshwater ecosystems in Aotearoa New Zealand. We will consider the impacts of humans on freshwaters, including eutrophication, land use, climate change, and invasive species. The course will cover modern methods for biomonitoring to help measure these impacts and the efficacy of management actions that include habitat restoration.

This paper includes 23 lectures (Thu, Fri) and 6 practicals (2 one-day field trips, 2 laboratory sessions, and 2 data workshops). The 2 one-day field trips are both central components of this paper. Attendance at the two field trips and at all laboratory and workshop sessions are essential.

The course is taught through lectures, field trips, laboratories, and workshops. Relevant materials will be made available online. Lectures are recorded, but these recordings are designed to be a revision tool rather than a replacement for lecture attendance. We encourage you to attend lectures and participate in question time. The course is designed as a meta-paper taught at our Hamilton and Tauranga locations simultaneously. This mean lectures will alternate between in person and remote delivery for each location. The fieldtrips, laboratories, and workshops will be held in person.

The internal assessment includes one lab report (Plankton) and two larger research reports based on data collected during the field trips (Lakes, Streams). Attendance at the field trips and labs are recorded. There will also be one online quiz, two online tests, and a final exam.

Please note: The two required field trips (Saturday 18 March for lakes and Saturday 1 April for streams, 8.30am - 5.00pm both days). These field trips are compulsory. Further, attendance at the associated labs and workshops and completion of the field trip reports are required for all students. If you are unable attend either of these field trips please contact the course convener (Dr. Frank Burdon) as early as possible.